Portable HistoirePortable years 1970Article: Motorola DynaTAC 8000X phone portablesAnalog History Advanced Mobile Phone System Phone 1983En 1908, U.S. patent 887 357 for a mobile phone was issued to Nathan B. Stubblefield of Murray, Kentucky. He applied this patent to "cave phones radio" and not directly to mobile phones as the term is currently understood. The cells of the GSM base stations were invented in 1947 by Bell Labs engineers at AT & T and further developed by Bell Labs in the 1960s. Radiotelephones have a long and varied history going back to Reginald Fessenden's invention and ground-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links and civil services in the early 1950, as mobile handsets are available from 1973. A patent for the mobile phone for the first time as we know it today was published in the United States Patent Number 3,449,750 to George Sweigert of Euclid, Ohio, 1969.En 10 June 1945, the zero generation (0G) of mobile phones was introduced. [Edit] Like other technologies of the time, there was one powerful base station covering a wide area, and each phone effectively monopolize a channel across the region in use. In 1960, the world premiere of cars partially automated phone system A (MTA) | MTA has been launched in Sweden. With MTA, calls can be made and received in the car to and from the public telephone network, and the car phone can be paged. The phone number has been composed with a dial. Call the car was fully automatic, while calling that requires an operator. The person who wanted to call a mobile phone should know what the mobile phone base station has been covered. The system was developed by Sture Laurn and other network engineers Televerket operator. Ericsson provided the distribution box Radioaktiebolaget Svenska (SRA), owned by Ericsson and Marconi, as long as phones and base station equipment. MTA cell consisted of vacuum tubes and relays, and had a weight of 40 kg. In 1962, the latest version of the system called Mobile B (MTB) has been launched, which is a touch-tone telephone, and the transistors used to improve the ability of the caller and improve reliability. In 1971, BAT's version was launched, the opening of several brands of equipment and commercial.Les successful concepts of frequency reuse and delivery, and a number of other concepts that form the basis of modern technology cell phone, have been described in the 1970s, see eg Nussbaum and Fluhrer, Hachenburg et al. And the United States Patent 4152647, issued May 1, 1979 to Charles A. Gladden and H. Parelman Martin, both of Las Vegas, Nevada and assigned by the U.S. Government Unis.Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive is considered the inventor of the first cell phone handy for use in hand in a third vehicle. Cooper is the first inventor named "Radio telephone system" filed on October 17, 1973, the Patent Office with the United States and, later published as U.S. Patent 3,906,166, other employees named in the patent includes Captain Cooper, John F. Mitchell, director of Motorola's mobile communications products, which successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless communication products to be small enough for use outside the home, office or car and has participated in the design of cellular phones. The use of a modern mobile phone if something heavy, Cooper made the first call on a mobile cellular telephone, April 3, 1973 to a rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel, Bell Labs.Téléphonie analog cellular (1G) article: 1GLe first commercial network automated cellular (1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. The initial launch of the network covered the entire metropolitan area of Tokyo's 20 million inhabitants with a cellular network base stations 23. Within five years, the NTT network has expanded to cover the entire population of Japan and became the first national launch of the second 2G.Le 1G networks was the simultaneous launch of the Nordic mobile telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1981 .. TNM is the first mobile phone network that offers international roaming. The Swedish engineer electrical Mkitalo Sten started working on this vision in 1966 and is considered the father of the TNM system and some regard as the father of Personal telephone cellulaire.mobiles Handy-phone System and modems used in Japan in the countries 19972003Plusieurs were among the first to launch 1G networks in the early 1980s, including the United Kingdom, Mexico and Canada. 1G The first network in the United States was the Chicago-based Ameritech in 1983 with the first-hand mobile phones Motorola DynaTAC famous. In 1984, Bell Labs developed modern commercial cellular technology (based largely on the patent Parelman Gladden) that many employees, centralized base stations (cells), each service provides to a small area (a cell). The cell sites would be established so that the cells overlap. In a cellular system, a signal between a base station (cell site) and a terminal (phone) must be strong enough to reach between the two, so that the same channel can be used simultaneously for separate talks différentes.Les cell installations NMT and AMPS first stage first installations were based on Ericsson AXE exchange nodes numérique.Les cellular systems require several steps of technology, including transfer, which allows a conversation to continue as a mobile phone traveled cell to cell. This system included variable transmission power in base stations and the telephones (controlled by the base stations), allowing the extent and cell size to vary. As the system expanded and neared capacity, the ability of cells to reduce power transmission allows the addition of new, resulting in more, smaller cells and thus increased capacity. Evidence of this growth is even visible in the elderly towers many cell site without antennas on the tops of its towers. These sites originally created large cells, so that their antennas were mounted on tall towers, the towers were designed so that the cell system antennas shrankhe expandednd size could be reduced in their original masts to reduce 1991De portée.Un the GSM mobile phone digital mobile communication (2G) Item: 2G, 2. 5G, and 2. 75GLa first "modern technology" network digital 2G (second generation) cellular technology was launched by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Group) in 1991 in Finland on the GSM standard which also marked the introduction of competition in mobile telecoms when Radiolinja challenged incumbent Telecom Finland (now part of TeliaSonera) who ran a 1G.Les NMT network data services appeared on mobile phones from person to person SMS messaging in Finland in 1993. First trial payments using a mobile phone to pay for a Coca Cola distributor in Finland in 1998. The first commercial payments were mobile parking tested in Sweden but first marketed in Norway in 1999. The payment system the first commercial products to imitate the banks and credit cards was launched in the Philippines in 1999 simultaneously by mobile operators Globe and Smart. The first content sold to mobile phones was the ringing tone, first in 1998 in Finland. The first full Internet service on mobile phones has been introduced by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in the band 1999.Large mobile communications (3G) Item: 3Gen 2001, the first commercial launch of 3G (Third Generation) was again in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard. 2G CDMA 3G standard is consistent with the approval of the revision A of EV-DO. Revision A EV-DO the addition of several protocol while keeping it fully compatible with earlier versions of EV-DO.Ces changes include the introduction of several new type of data link before the rate increase up to 2 Mbit. 45 / s at 3. 1 Mbit / s. Also included are protocols that reduce the time to establish a connection (called a channel to improve access MAC), the capacity of a rolling action over the same time (multi-user packs) and the introduction of QoS flags. All these were put in place to enable low latency, low communication speed as the last application VoIP.Une 3G technology is downward High Speed Packet Access (HSDPA). This is an improvement in 3G (third generation) mobile communications protocol telephony in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, has also established 3. 5G, 3G or 3G + turbo, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher transfer speed and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support download speeds of 1. 8 3 6. 7. 2 and 14. 0 Mbit / s. The speed increases more are available with HSPA +, which offers speeds up to 42 Mbit downlink / s and 84 Mbps with version 9 rules 3GPP.Bande fourth generation (4G) Article: New generation 4GLa recently published the fourth also known as Beyond 3G, is designed to provide wireless broadband data rates of the nominal value of 100 Mbps Fast s mobile and 1 Gbps stationary devices defined by ITU-R 4G systems may be based on the 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) cellular standard, offering speeds of 326 points. 4 Mbit / s. Perhaps it can also be based on WiMax or Flash-OFDM wireless metropolitan network technologies that promise of mobile broadband with speeds up to 233 Mbps for mobile users. The radio interface in these systems is based on packet switching all-IP, MIMO diversity schemes for multi-carrier Modulation dynamic channel allocation (DCA) and the programming of a system-dependent channels to be a substitute 4G complete. existing network infrastructure and be able to provide a database of comprehensive and secure IP, where voice and multimedia streaming can give users an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, much higher data speeds higher than previous generations. Sprint has a 4G network in some areas. In 2011, more companies are expected to launch wireless broadband networks bande.UsagesLes 4G mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including means to remain in contact with family members, business and access to a telephone an emergency. Organizations that help victims of domestic violence may have a mobile phone to potential victims Unbeknownst to the assailant. These devices are often old phones that are donated and renovated to meet the urgent needs of victims appropriate.Conditions child predators have used cell phones to communicate with children in secret without the knowledge of their parents or enseignants.L advent of messages text has been translated into the widespread cell phone novel, the first literary age out of text messages to mobile Web site that collects books as a whole. Paul Levinson, information on the move (2004), says: "... Today, a writer can write about as easily, anywhere, as the reader can read" and "not only" personal, but portable . plusieurs téléphonesLes people can have multiple phones for different purposes, such as business and personal use. multiple phones (or several SIM cards) can be used to obtain the benefits of different plans to call the special plan, could give cheaper calls local calls, long distance, international calls or roaming. A study conducted by Motorola found that one in ten mobile phone users have a second telephone is often kept secret by members of the family. These phones can be used to participate in activities including extramarital affairs or business clandestines.Partagepartage cell phone is a phenomenon that exists throughout the world. It is common in urban India, families and groups of friends often share one or more mobile among its members. Two types of actions that there are "visible" and "concealment" of sharing. A notable example of involvement occurs when someone called the friend of the person they are trying to get in the hope to talk to that person, the latter type of exchange occurs when someone uses a cell phone without your knowledge. The place not only share your take because of its economic benefits, but also often due to family customs and traditional roles sexes.Un another example of cell interaction occurs in Burkina Faso. Here, it is not uncommon for people only have access to a cell phone. This mobile phone is generally owned by a person not born in the village as a teacher or a missionary. While cell phones are the exclusive property of one person, it is expected that other members of the village are allowed to use cell phones to make calls necessary. Although some may consider this cost may actually be an opportunity to participate in mutual obligations. This type of exchange of cell phones is an important element in small villages in Burkina Faso, allowing them to maintain the expectations of the age of Nokia boîte.Une mondialisation.CombinésUn the printed circuit board within a mobileIl phone number categories of mobile phones, basic phones such as camera phones and have Musicphone. There are also smartphones, is the first smart phone Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1996 which incorporated PDA functionality to the basic mobile phone at the moment. As miniaturization and increased processing power of chips has enabled more and more features are added to phones, the notion of smart phones has evolved, and what a high-end smartphone five years ago, is a mobile phone current standard. phone number have been introduced in response to a specific market segment, as RIM BlackBerry, focus on the business / company email client needs, the series Sony Ericsson Walkman and Cybershot camera Musicphone series, the Nokia Nseries multimedia phones, the Pre Palm HTC Dream and the Apple iPhone. Detailed TraitsArticle: the characteristics of mobile phones and mobile phones SmartphoneLes often beyond sending text messages and make voice calls, including call logs, GPS navigation, music (MP3) and video (MP4) playback, RDS radio receiver, alarm, notes, and save the document, and the PDA personal organizer functions, the ability to view video or download video for later viewing, video calling, integrated camera (1 megapixel. 0 +) and video cameras (video recording) with autofocus and flash, bells, games, PTT, memory card reader (SD), USB (2. 0), infrared, Bluetooth (2. 0) and WiFi connectivity, instant messaging, Internet e-mail and navigation and to serve without a modem cable to a PC, and soon will also serve as a kind of console online gaming and other high quality games. Some phones include a screen tactile.Nokia and the University of Cambridge are showing a folding cellular phone Morph.Voir also called: videoconferencing for UMTS mobile phones use the type of video and audio and telephone tactile.abonnés simultanéeLogiciels applicationsUn mobile phone 100 inhabitants 19972007L'application most commonly used data on mobile phones as SMS text messages, with 74% of all mobile phone users as active users (more than 2 4. 3 Billion. 3 billion of total subscribers at the end of 2007). SMS text messaging was worth more than $ 100 million in annual revenues in 2007 and the worldwide average of messaging use is 2. 6 SMS sent per day per person in the entire mobile subscriber base (source Informa 2007). The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the United Kingdom, while the first person to person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993.The other data used by mobile SMS mobile amounted to 31 billion dollars in 2007, and were led by mobile music, downloadable logos and pictures, games, game, fun for adults and advertising (source: Informa 2007). The first mobile content downloads to a mobile phone sold in Finland in 1998, when Radiolinja (now Elisa) introduced the service of downloadable ringtone. In 1999 Japanese mobile operator NTT DoCoMo introduced its mobile internet services i-mode, which is now the leading global provider of mobile Internet services and about the same size as Google in services revenue annuels.Le first news phones, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000. Mobile news services are expanding with organizations providing "on demand" news services by SMS. Some also provide "instant" news pushed by SMS. Mobile telephony also facilitates activism and public journalism to study Reuters and Yahoo and small independent news companies such as Jasmine News in Sri Lanka.Les companies are beginning to offer mobile telephony services, job search and career guidance . Consumer applications are on the rise and include everything from information guides on local activities and events to mobile coupons and discount offers one can use to save money on purchases. Even tools for creating websites for mobile phones are increasingly mobile payments available.The were tested for the first time in Finland in 1998, when two of Coca-Cola vending machines in Espoo were able to work with SMS payments. Finally, the idea spread and in 1999, Argentina launched the first commercial systems for mobile payments, mobile operators Globe and Smart. Today mobile payments ranging from mobile banking credit card mobile mobile commerce are very widely used in Asia and Africa, and in some European markets. For example, in the Philippines is not uncommon to have your paycheck is paid mobile account. In Kenya, the limit of money transfers from one mobile banking account to another is one million U.S. dollars. In India paying utility bills with mobile gains a 5% discount. In Estonia, mobile phones are the most popular method of payment of parking violations should public.AlimentationCette vérification.S section for additional information, please help improve this article by adding reliable references. reference material may be challenged and removed. (September 2009) mobile phone service general cargo OugandaTéléphonie get rechargeable energy. A variety of methods used to charge cell phones, including USB, laptop batteries, AC power (using an adapter), lighters (using an adapter) or a dynamo. In 2009, support for wireless networking has become a reality, wireless charger was first released for use by consommateurs.Normalisation micro-USB connector for charging from 2010, many mobile phone manufacturers have agreed to use micro-USB connector to recharge your phone. The mobile phone manufacturers have agreed with this statement: In PommeLGMotorolaNokiaResearch MotionSamsungSony EricssonLe February 17, 2009, the GSM Association announced that they had agreed on a standard charger for mobile phones. The standard connector to be adopted by 17 manufacturers in the Open Mobile Terminal Platform, including Nokia, Motorola and Samsung to be the micro-USB connector (various media reports mistakenly reported that the mini-USB). The new chargers will be much more effective than existing shippers. Having a standard charger for all phones means that manufacturers do not provide a shipper with each new addition téléphone.En, October 22, 2009, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) announced that it had embraced micro-USB charger and efficiency energy of the solution "of a single charger for all the new telephony solution," adding: "Based on the micro USB charger interface UCS also include a 4-star efficiency or as many as three times more energy efficient than a magazine ChargeurLes not effectively notée.l top five phone manufacturers in the world presents a new classification system in November 2008 to help consumers more easily identify the most shippers éconergétiquesLa most of the energy lost in a mobile phone charger in its lack of charge, when the mobile phone is not connected, but the charger is left plugged in and use of energy. To combat this in November 2008, the top five mobile phone makers Nokia, Samsung, LG Electronics, Sony Ericsson and Motorola established a classification system to evaluate the effectiveness of their positions in the vacuum state. From zero stars for> 0. May W and climb to five-star rating <0. 03 W (30 MW) pas.Un load number of companies providing semiconductor controllers flyback, like Power Integrations and CamSemi, now claim that the standard five-star hotel can be achieved with the use of their produit.BatterieAutrefois, how most common mobile phone batteries were nickel metal-hydride, as they have a small size and weight. The lithium-ion batteries are sometimes used because they are lighter and does not nickel hydride battery voltage depression metal. Many mobile phone manufacturers have begun to use lithium polymer batteries, unlike most lithium ion, the main benefits of this weight is further reduced and the possibility of making the battery in a other than the strictly cubic. The mobile phone manufacturers have been experimenting with alternative energy sources, including solar cells and Coca Cola.carte SIMCette section needs additional citations for vérification.S Please help improve this article by adding reliable references . reference material may be challenged and removed. (September 2009) Article: Life ModuleTypique subscriber identity mobile phone SIM card and battery, GSM mobile phones need a microchip, called Subscriber Identity Module or SIM card work. About the size of a small label, the SIM card is usually placed under the battery in the back of the unit, and (being driven) stores the phone's configuration data, and information on the phone itself, as the scheme to call the subscriber uses. When the subscriber removes the SIM card, can be re-inserted into another phone that is configured to accept the SIM card and SIM card used as normal.Chaque is activated by using a unique numeric identifier, once activated, the identifier is locked and the card is permanently locked in the activation of the network. For this reason, most retailers refuse to accept the return of a mobile phone SIM card activée.Les that do not use a SIM card is programmed data in memory. This data is accessed via a special sequence of numbers to access the "Movement" as in "Name" or number programming menu. From here you can add information as a new phone number, supplier numbers of new services, emergency numbers, change their authentication key or key code, and update their Preferred Roaming List or PRL. However, to prevent someone from accidentally disabling their phone or remove it from the network, the service provider puts a lock on this data called Master Subsidiary Lock or MSL MSL.Le also ensures that the provider receives payment on the phone that was purchased or "rented". For example, the Motorola RAZR V9C cost up to $ 500 Canadian. According to the company as a phone can be available for just $ 200. The difference is paid by the customer in the form of a monthly bill. If the company does not use a MSL, then they risk to lose $ 300 $ 400 paid the difference in the monthly bill, since some customers cancel their service and take your phone to another company. The MSL will apply only if the SIM card once the contract has been completed MSL still applies to the SIM card. The phone is, however, also stopped first by the manufacturer of MSL service providers. This lock can be disabled so that the phone can use other SIM card vendors. Most Phones purchased outside the United States are open phones, because there are many service providers close to each other or overlap in coverage. The cost for a phone unlock varies but is generally very inexpensive and is sometimes provided by vendors indépendantes.Ayant phone an unlocked phone is very useful for travelers due to the high cost of using the MSL service providers access from outside the normal coverage area. It can take sometimes up to 10 times more expensive than using a locked phone abroad than in the normal service area, including preferential rates. T-Mobile will offer a code to unlock the SIM card account holders in good condition after 90 days, depending on your FAQ.Par example, in Jamaica, a subscriber of AT & T may pay more than U.S. $ 1. 65 per minute for international services at reduced prices while B-Mobile (Jamaica) the customer would pay U.S. $ 0. 20 minutes for the same service internationally. Some sales service providers focus on international sales focus on regional sales. For example, the same B-Mobile customers could pay higher prices for local calls, but less so for international calls to a national phone subscriber Jamaica C & W (Cable & Wireless) business. These rate differences are mainly due to currency fluctuations because the SIM purchases are made in local currency.
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